Hessdalen UFOs, color and speed - "anti-gravity", and a link to Tesla:

From Havik's book (the UFO phenomenon), page 177:

"The phenomenon is often seen as reddish-brown, reddish-orange, yellowish-white or blue balls of light. One has often seen that the higher the speed, the whiter the light appear. Stationary balls of light often have a warm-yellow or reddish color."

Enlargement of the 16 mm film that Jon Gisle Børseth took for NRK. This is the "observation UFO", according to Wisth. (Taken from Wisth (1983): "The UFO mystery in Hessdalen")

Hm ... Where have I read something similar?

Well, on this page.

[... In bright sunlight, the aircraft/spacecraft may seem surrounded by hot air, a slight magnetic distortion of the light. In semi-darkness and night, the metal sheets glow, even through the thin ceramic outer hull, with different colors. The visible light is a by-product of the electricity flowing over the metal sheets, according to the frequencies used.

Descending, landing or just starting to lift from the ground, the transformer primaries are near the secondary weak ends and therefore, the bottom set of sheets glow a misty red. Red may also appear at the front of the machine when it is moving forward fast, lessening resistance up front.

Orange appears for slow speed. Orange-yellow are for airplane-type speeds. Green and blue are for higher speeds. With a capacitor addition, making it oversized for the circuit, the blue becomes bright white, like a searchlight, with possible risk of damaging the metal sheets involved.

The highest visible frequency is violet, like Tesla's stage demonstrations, used for the highest speed along with the bright white. The colors are nearly coherent, of a single frequency, like a laser. A machine built with a set of super conducting magnets would simplify and reduce electricity needs from a vehicle's transformer circuits to the point of flying along efficiently and hovering with very little waste of electricity. ]
(Excerpt from "The Lost Journals of Nikola Tesla.")

This represents Tesla's concept of an electrogravitic aircraft, originally conceived in 1919 (according to the source).

I'm no expert on the color distribution of the electromagnetic spectrum, and have even less insight into the potential of electromagnetic propulsion. But the correlation between Tesla's description of his "electrogravitic aircraft" and reports from Hessdalen, I find very interesting.

UFOs, Hessdalen and "anti-gravity"

Let's take another look at Category 4 (several lights at a fixed distance of each other).

From the previous article on this subject:

[... it moved slowly to the north. It had a clear, red light in front, and it was moving in a slow, wave-like motion.]

This movement has been observed repeatedly in Hessdalen. Such a movement indicates non-aerodynamic flight, and may indicate that a type of field propulsion (or "anti-gravity") is going on.

As said, this is observed repeatedly in Hessdalen according to witnesses, but not photographed. However, similar movements are photographed in connection with UFO sightings in Arendal, southern Norway. (Photographer is Arne P. Thomassen, who by the way has been an active photographer in Hessdalen as well).

The images are taken with long exposures, so that the movement pattern is captured.

Enlargement (2 times) The phenomenon came from the south and passed to the north. Observation 5 km. southwest of Arendal.

Enlargement (8 times) of the same photo. The object shows a clear wave-like motion on its journey. (Below you can see a small strip of light).

Unfortunately, I don't know the exact time of exposure in connection with this picture.



Photos are taken from Haviks book (The UFO phenomenon).

Nazi-UFO evidence? "Flying saucers, a German invention" according to newspaper headlines.

Here is a collection of headlines from German newspapers from the 50s and beyond:

The headlines say:
 
“Flying saucer invented in Germany”.

“Flying saucers, a German invention”.

“The first "flying saucer" flew in 1945 in Prague”.

“"Saucers" disclosed”.

“We constructed flying discs”.

“Flying saucers = V7 says German designer”.

“Flying Saucer = German craft”.

“Adolf Hitler's little green men”.       

Again, how can this be in the public domain, and then just disappear?

Hessdalen "UFO models"; sightings of cigar-shaped crafts?

Let's have a closer look at Category 4:

"Several lights with a fixed distance from each other. Most often, there were two yellow or white lights with a red light in front. Many people were talking about the object when they saw this light type. These lights could move slowly around the mountains. Again, it usually moved along the north-south axis."

From Haviks book (The UFO phenomenon):

---

"Friday 17th March 1982 I went up to Hessdalen along with a couple of friends. Our equipment, which was packed as for an expedition to the polar regions, was loaded carefully on a snowmobile sled.

At 19.32 we were interrupted by someone shouting, "There it is!" We dropped what we held in our hands, and ran out on the road. An elongated bright object was passing slowly in front of mount Finnsåhøgda on its way north, - so that the mountain could be seen as a backdrop.

We had barely arrived at the “Promised Valley”, and there "it" was!

The equipment was transported to the mountain farm, as we drove back to Aspåskjølen where other people stood and "stared". We soon learned that more people had seen "it", and that they had not heard any sound.

At 20.39 a similar object returned in the same route, but this time from north to south. I was able to register three points of light, of which one was red. The object turned to the south-west, above the mountain with moderate speed. The camera equipment was on the scooter sleigh, and probably almost halfway to the farm by now...

Drawing: Leif Havik

At 23 o'clock we arrived at the farm.

In the hours that followed, we unpacked the equipment and watched the night sky. We soon realized that there were many planes, and there were lots of satellites. There was otherwise no trouble hearing the sound of planes - and into the night, there was almost no passages. It was a peaceful and quiet night, in an equally peaceful "paradise" that Finnsådalen soon was named.

Next morning, we walked around the "foot" of Finnsåhøgda, and found an excellent observation post in about the hight of 690 meters. Here we would establish ourselves for the night.

At 19 o'clock we were ready to begin observing.

It goes with the story that these lights were so precise regarding the time – that people began to mention the passages as "routs" or "flights". The clock struck 19:30 and we were waiting for “the half past seven flight”.

More stars appeared, and it cleared up.

There! ... - A star-like light appeared in the south. It came over the horizon, but only emerged as jack in the box. The time was 19.33. The light became "warmer" and it was approaching fast. We could see that it was elongated and that it had at least two yellow-white lights and a red light. The red light was placed above the object. Could it be a plane? No. - We could hear no sound, - and it came ever closer. Cameras were ready, and we shot a few pictures. The lights were passing slowly to the north.

We noted that there was only a kind of “dead” light. It seemed blurred and dull, and none of us had seen such a light before.

Camera with 400 ASA film and 270 mm telephoto lens was used. Of course it was mounted on a tripod, and through the lens, I could only see a small point of light. It was just to shoot and hope for luck.

The object's passage deserves further comment. Distance to the top of the mountain which the object passed in front of, is just under 2000 meters, and we could see that the object disappeared behind the nearest peak of Finnsåhøgda. Thus, it would imply that the object's passage had to be at a distance of approximately 17 to 1800 meters, and the height of the passage about 980 meters.

After the lights disappeared behind the mountain, we saw it again just seconds later - when it came in a nice turn from the west along the mountain edge, after which it again disappeared behind the mountains. It did, in other words, an extra loop before continuing to the north. But this time only the red light could be seen, and the other two yellow-white lights were turned off.

I have since seen the same phenomenon on several occasions, and I'm sure it could not be plane, balloon, planet or a light reflection.

After this incident we were silent, everyone trying to find an explanation. But we soon had to give up. However, we were sure that no airplane could do such maneuvers only a few meters above the mountain plateau.

At 19.58 we became aware of another floating “star”. It came at exactly the same "route" as the previous one, and it had the same speed. As it came closer, it assumed a more yellowish color, and later more orange-red. This was also photographed before it disappeared to the north. The light seemed like a flickering “flame”, and had diffuse contours.

The next day we also had two observations of nearly the same type. At 19.38 and 19.50 some bright objects passed to the north in almost the same "route” as before, but no photos were taken.

"Same" object once again:

From Vårhuskjølen I saw a similar lighted object like the previous observations.

We were four people standing on Vårhuskjølen when "it" came north at 19.42. It passed above the mountain and went down the north side of this mountain. After a while it suddenly disappeared in direction of the Haltdalen area. Others who saw it said that it passed in the same hight as Vårhus, - 610 meters.

Same object?

At 20.50 "it" came back from the north, but this time it passed east of Finnsåhøgda. It rose immediately after the passage of the mountain, and disappeared into the clouds at about 14 to 1500 meters altitude. The object was illuminated, with a red light in front. There was no sound. Attempts to photograph failed.

The 21. October we were back.. At 21.13 came "our" oblong object. It passed north of the mountain, before it suddenly disappeared. Four minutes later a similar object passed to the south, east of Finnsåhøgda. It followed Hessdalen south in regular orbit and speed. The observations took place in clear weather, and there was no wind. No sound could be heared. Attempts to take photographs failed this time as well.

A hissing sound:

The 26. October, I went up to Hessdalen again with a friend. We arrived Vårhuskjølen at 19.35. There were two representatives of UFO Sweden there which had stood there all day without seeing anything special.

We had barely enough time to stop the car, before a light appeared. We popped out of the car, as if shot from a catapult seat - and there was our "cigar" again! This time it was properly illuminated, and it moved slowly to the north. It had a clear red light in front, and it was moving in a slow, wave-like motion. It also had a very rough path. This time it passed so far to the east, that it passed almost directly above where we stood, and although it was impossible to determine the height, it could possibly not be more than 1000 meters, or in other words up to 300 meters above us.

Since it passed so close, it was for the first time possible to hear sound. It was a kind of hissing sound, which can be compared with the sound of high voltage cables in wet weather.

I have been struggling to find a description of the visual observation, and the closest I can come to - is that it resembled a huge glowing ash flake that flew with the wind.

https://read.amazon.com/kp/embed?asin=B07P9D4KW4&preview=newtab&linkCode=kpe&ref_=cm_sw_r_kb_dp_gu2XCb30KS4S3&tag=a2eabr6gj3xka-20

French UFO-video from Hessdalen:

I do not speak French, but the film is interesting anyway. The pictures speak for themselves.The film is from 1994, but still just as relevant.

The first time I saw this film, was at the community hall in Hessdalen during "Hessdalen workshop" in 1994, last day, which was open to the public. In every way an interesting evening. At the break of Leif Haviks lecture, we saw the phenomenon from the parking lot outside the community hall.

Residents in Hessdalen makes a convincing job as actors here, I must say!

"No more hunting"; man-made flying saucers?

An extraordinary observation from September 1980. A year before the mass observations began in Hessdalen.

“The 18 or 19 september 1980, a hunter witnessed something that he probably will remember all his life. He was in the mountains, near “Elgsjøen” in the southern part of the Hessdalen area. There, he was hunting with two friends. It was beautiful weather, with clear sky and fresh, autumn air. It was about 11:30 in the morning when he suddenly got a strange feeling. The air became dense around him, and he felt that something was behind him, and at the same time he saw a shadow. He turned around, and only a few meters from him, "hung" three magnificent objects that looked like saucers. They had an incredible beautiful red color that sparkled in the sunlight. Around the saucers were a kind of brim or “wing”. The brim was composed of tubes resembling organ pipes and spun around. On top of the saucers was a platform, and on the right side something which resembled antennaes.

Drawing: Elbjørg Fjeldberg.

Under each of the saucers there were two holes, one on each side. The material that the objects were made of was hard to describe, but it resembled a mixture of glass and stone. The objects were about 4 meters in diameter, and they gave away a faint buzzing sound.

Suddenly, as if on command, all three objects got on its side with the top facing the direction of motion. In formation they disappeared over the mountains to the north.

The observer got scared and kept close to the cabin for the next three days. He has never been on hunting again, and the equipment was sold after this event.

The observer was confident that the objects were man-made, because it was "bad  metal work." He compared the objects with "great lumps of sugar candy”. "

Source: "The UFO phenomenon" (Havik, 1987).

Strange photo, - Foo fighters/nazi-UFO:

This photo I came across in a discussion forum. Unfortunately, I've found no information about where it comes from, or in what context it was first published.

The “Haunebu image” to the right is obviously added later. The interesting thing here is, of course, the picture on the left.

Picture text reads: "Gigantic German Foo-Craft Hunted by P-51".
... and continues:

May 11, Two days after Germany's Total Surrender!
It appears that the image comes from a newspaper clipping, possibly a book.

Most probably a hoax, but still interesting in my opinion, since the term "Foo craft" is used, and not "flying saucer" which was first introduced in 1947 - or the even later term; “UFO”.

Proof; Foo fighters: German-built weapons of war - first modern UFOs:

Wikipedia on «foo fighters»:

“The term foo fighter was used by Allied aircraft pilots in World War II to describe various UFOs or mysterious aerial phenomena seen in the skies over both the European and Pacific Theater of Operations.

Though "foo fighter" initially described a type of UFO reported and named by the U.S. 415th Night Fighter Squadron, the term was also commonly used to mean any UFO sighting from that period.

Formally reported from November 1944 onwards, witnesses often assumed that the foo fighters were secret weapons employed by the enemy, but they remained unidentified post-war and were reported by both Allied and Axis forces. Michael D. Swords writes:

During WWII, the foo fighter experiences of [Allied] pilots were taken very seriously. Accounts of these cases were presented to heavyweight scientists, such as David Griggs, Luis Alvarez and H.P. Robertson. The phenomenon was never explained. Most of the information about the issue has never been released by military intelligence.”

Regarding the last point, new information has come forward: It turns out that the U.S. government has known the truth all along. This is demonstrated in an official "Intelligence Digest" document, dated February 1945 which is made ​​public through FOIA:

The document deals with the German military capacity in 1945, and mentions "Phoo Bombs" as a weapon in the German arsenal.

"Foo Fighters" are in other words known as "Phoo Bombs" inside the intelligence.

It can thus be concluded that the "foo fighters" were German-built weapons of war, and that "foo fighters" represents the first modern UFOs.

This technology, and related technology in the form of "circular wing aircraft" (which can be proven was under development in Nazi Germany), was probably some of the technology one wanted to gain control of - through “operation paperclip” - and which may have been developed in U.S. black projects in the postwar years.

Nazi-UFOs: "Flying Saucers were Hitler's A-7 weapons:"

An article from the Swedish newspaper "Aftonbladet", 10.10. 1952. The headline reads "Flying Saucers were Hitler's A-7 weapons.

Furthermore, it is stated in the article that German flying saucer-builders have been in the U.S. since 1945. The article includes an interview with Werner von Braun, who among other things says that there was a problem with the fuel in relation to the early saucers, but that they now believe that this can be solved using nuclear power.

This article was published in 1952!

I have, unsuccessfully, tried to find follow-up articles in both Swedish and Norwegian newspapers from the period. Unbelievable that this appeared in the public media, and then just disappeared!

The EMBLA-missions in Hessdalen:

As already mentioned, PhD. astrophysicist Massimo Teodorani related to the Italian branch of Project Hessdalen, was the leader/coordinator at the three field studies conducted in Hessdalen in 2000, 2001 and 2002 (project EMBLA). In this regard, it is published a number of reports and huge amounts of research data.

The results and conclusions are startling, and can be summarized in the following table:

As the table demonstrates, 85% of the observed phenomena shows (external) plasma characteristics (including 5% geometric shapes). The remaining 5% of the observed phenomena shows characteristics of solid, structured objects (and 10 % of uncertain character).

Teodorani explains the results in this article

«The Physical study of atmospheric luminous anomalies and the SETVhypothesis»:

---

A fundamental result which was ascertained directly on the field during two intensive scientific missions, is just that the Hessdalen phenomenology is characterized by two well- distinguished aspects:

1. the very most part of luminous apparently immaterial orbs for which an external plasma appearance has been ascertained, but with highly anomalous characteristics both thermodynamically and morphologically,
2. a slender but significant minority of objects which possess sharp characteristics of solidity.
   This double way in which the learnt phenomenology appears can be interpreted only in two alternative ways: or like an overlap of two phenomena with sharply different characteristics, OR like two sharply different behaviours of the same phenomenon.
   Anyway it must be reminded that, by assuming that the second option is taken into account, well-known laws of radiation physics say very clearly that the instrumental verification of the plasma nature of a given phenomenon, is not sufficient to demonstrate that the phenomenon is a plasma entirely, but only that his external surface (or: photosphere) behaves like a plasma which, by its nature, is able to hide all what exists inside it, as any photon coming from the interior should be immediately absorbed or scattered by the cloud of ions and electrons which are located in the external region, which in its turn is the only one which can be monitored instrumentally. In order to try to penetrate inside the plasma cloud, during the next missions, an “imaging radar” is planned for use, together with a high-resolution spectrograph [1] able to furnish a much more precise quantitative description of the plasma photosphere of the phenomenon

CONCLUSIVE NOTES

Since the first field-observation in Hessdalen (EMBLA 2000) it has been possible to learn that, together with a big majority of lights of the “plasmoid type”, structured objects were present too: at first a triangle of lights, then a low-luminosity egg-like translucid object [21]. During the second field-observation (EMBLA 2001) something similar to a flattened ellipsoid was recorded [23]. All these specific evidences of “structured targets” do not demonstrate at all, of course, that Hessdalen is subject to ET visitation.

On the contrary it is even more reasonable to suspect that the governments which are at present possibly experimenting flying devices working with “exotic tecnology”, would choose locations just like Hessdalen in order to work with no disturb by putting into practice the best of the camouflages. The co-existence of anomalous lights of possible natural origin linked to the territory and of flying machines born from some mind of the “Skunk Works” might permit to some government to operate in total secret by letting the public opinion believe that Hessdalen is an alien basis.

Therefore, the fact that some “structured events” in Hessdalen were recorded by EMBLA, is not a proof that Earth is visited by exogenous probes. Nevertheless this possibility in itself, as a pure work-hypothesis, is not at all excluded by official science, and it is included inside the plans (introduced before) of the SETV project. As it has been said, Earth may be reached in several ways which are canonically accepted. In order that this possibility may be proved or confuted, it is necessary to expand of at least an order of magnitude, both the sophistication and the completenesse of the sensing instrumentation.

[21] Teodorani M., Montebugnoli S. & Monari J. (2000) ‘The EMBLA 2000 Mission in Hessdalen’, NIDS, Articles, http://www.nidsci.org/articles/articles1.html#teodorani

[23] Teodorani M., Strand E.P. & Hauge B.G. (2001), ‘EMBLA 2001: The Optical Mission’, ICPH, Articles, http://www.itacomm.net/PH

Here it is worth noting that Teodorani keeps the door open for the SETV hypothesis (extraterrestrial visitation), but suggests that secret experiments with exotic technology are a more likely explanation.

My tip is exotic (man-made) technology. More on this in later posts.

Sighting of a "Black Triangle" in Hessdalen:

Taken from an interview with  PhD. astrophysicist Massimo Teodorani in 2001 (from Linda Moulton Howe's website, earth files).

Teodorani is related to the Italian branch of Project Hessdalen and was director / coordinator of the field investigations in Hessdalen in the years 2000, 2001 and 2002 (Project Embla).

---

"Last year we saw the triangle, but we couldn't document it because that day we didn't have a videocamera with us. It was impossible to follow it with a normal reflex camera. But it was just a triangle with three lights on the vertices. The lights were fixed, not blinking, and it was coming from north towards us and it did stop exactly over us. There were five of us and when it was over us it started to make a rotation around its axis while it was standing still. And after some seconds, about 15 seconds, the lights faded very gradually and the triangle disappeared over our heads. This is a story, but unfortunately we couldn't document or take measurements. But it happened.

AND THIS IS THIS PAST SUMMER OF 2001 AND THOSE TRIANGLES WITH THE LIGHTS AT THE THREE VERTICES HAVE BEEN REPORTED IN BELGIUM AND ENGLAND.

I know, yes. 

HOW BIG WOULD YOU ESTIMATE AS A SCIENTIST LOOKING UP? COULD YOU ESTIMATE ANYTHING ABOUT THE SIZE?

It was practically impossible to understand. It was very big and I can only say that the size was about 10 times the moon. Probably more. I could see with my binocular that there was a dark surface very well. But differently from the Belgium cases. There was no blinking center light. There were only three lights fixed and then afterward fading gradually and disappearing. I tell you that my friend is director of a radio astronomical station. He is a radio astronomer and I am an astrophysicist. There were two professors there who are engineers and another professor. And it was in fact incredible! 

SO YOU HAVE FIVE SCIENTISTS WHO ARE ALL WORKING IN UNIVERSITIES OUT TRYING TO UNDERSTAND WHAT THESE PLASMA SPHERES IN THE HESSDALEN VALLEY ARE AND THIS OBJECT OF TRIANGLE LIGHTS, YOU ALL SEE IT, AND IT STOPS RIGHT OVER YOU AS IF AWARE THAT YOU ARE THERE? 

Yes, yes, yes, it is exactly so. Of course, I have to tell what happens. I am a scientist and my duty is not to select what I don't like or what is not convenient for me. We have to find out what it is."

Different categories of UFOs in Hessdalen:

The Phenomena can be organized in different types, based on how it looks like, the movement and how it behaves.

Project Hessdalens categorisation on their website:

1 - White, or blue-white flashing lights. They are usually high in the air, close to the tops of the mountains or even higher. Their lifetime is usually short, typical some seconds. Sometimes they have been seen for a minute, but seldom any longer.

2 - A yellow light, with a red light on the top. This red light can be flashing.

3 - A yellow or white light. This is the most common description of the Hessdalen Phenomena. This light can stand still for more than an hour. It can move around slowly down in the valley, stop sometimes for minutes, start moving again. The shape is often round as a ball. Sometimes there are other shapes.

4 - A black "object" with lights on. This has been reported several times in Hessdalen. Here you can see a picture of such a phenomena. It was Leif Havik who took the picture in Hessdalen March 18. 1982. It shows three lights on this "black object":

Here is a drawing made by one observer of a similar phenomena in Hessdalen. A "object" with a light on each end:

Arne Wisth makes an alternative organization in the book "The UFO-mystery in Hessdalen" from 1983:
"We can affirm that at least four different types of UFOs are involved:

1: "The observation-UFO" which is round or egg-shaped.
2: "The hat," which has the classic flying saucer shape.
3: "The bullet", which is pointed at one end and rounded at the other, that often stands still for long periods and also lands.
4: "The cigar" - which is large, perhaps a hundred meters or more.

Are we facing a single phenomenon with different behavior, or are we facing multiple, parallel phenomena?

Book recommendation; "Hitler's flying saucers": Nazi-UFO proof:

Hitler's Flying Saucers: A Guide to German Flying Discs of the Second World War

Stevens turns every stone in his investigation, and provides a very detailed review of the German flying saucer projects during ww2, - from jet-powered 'suction saucers' to potential field propultion saucers.
If you are new to the topic and want a thorough introduction, this is the best place to start.



An amateur video in three parts based on Stevens's book can be watched here;

 

Flying saucer-wave 1947; Schulgens collection memorandum, part 2

As mentioned in part 1, it seems that Schulgen is familiar with the Roswell incident, and that his 1947 memorandum is partly based on the Roswell crash and the investigations of the debris.

Schulgen asks to look for signs of unusual production of materials that could contribute to reduce weight on aircrafts:“Unusual fabrication methods to achieve ecstreme light weight and structural stability particularly in connection with great capacity for fuel storage“.

Farrell shows in his book, Roswell and the Reich (2010), how a number of details in the descriptions of the debris can be traced back to Nazi Germany and the research associated with the German war projects in metallurgy, etc., which aimed to reduce weight of aircrafts - either research and development that indisputably happened in Nazi Germany, or projects that there is reason to believe were probably happening.

Another statement that very clearly demonstrates that the memorandum is partly based on the Roswell-crash and the investigation of the debris is this:

"Type of material, whether metal, ferrous, non-ferrous, or non-metallic;” and “Composite or sandwich construction utilizing various combinations of metals, plastics, and perhaps balsa wood”.

I-beams of balsawood, balsawood or plastic-like material / other lightweight materials were mentioned by witnesses in the descriptions of the debris!

It is very unlikely that Schulgen would have mentioned balsawood without having read about / been briefed on the investigation of the Roswell debris.

It is also worth noting that Major Marcel mentioned a kind of porous metal in the description of the debris - that one could blow through.

In this regard, Shulgen writes in his memo:"...boundary layer control method by suction, blowing, or a combination of both” and “Openings either in the leading edge top and bottom surfaces that are employed chiefly to accomplish boundary layer control or for the purpose of reducing the induced drag. Any openings in the leasing edge should be reported and described as to shape, size, etc. This investigation is significant to justify a disc shape configuration for long-range application”.

... And to the conclusion of the document:“The power plant would likely be an integral part of the aircraft an could possibly not be distinguished as an item separate from the aircraft. If jet propulsjon is used, large air handling capacity, characterized by a large air inlet and large exhaust nozzle, should be evident. The size of entrance and exit areas world be of interest. It is possible that the propulsive jet is governed or influenced for control of the aircraft. The presence of vanes or control surfaces in the exhaust or methods of changing the direction of the objekt should be observed.”

On this basis, it should be clear what the U.S. air force believed they were facing, namely jet-turbine-powered saucer shaped aircraft (built in lightweight materials) which extraordinary maneuverability and performance was based on eliminating the problem of "the boundary layer" and thus reducing air resistance and friction .

W.A. Harbinson, in the book “Project UFO: The Case for Man-Made Flying Saucers (2007)” sheds light on "the boundary layer" and the porous metal Maj. Marcel mentions;

“Further; if such a craft could be built with a ‘porous’ metal that would act like a sponge and remove the need for air intakes altogether, it would result in ‘frictionless airflow’ during flight (…) such a craft would ‘slip through the air in the same way as a piece of wet soap slips through the fingers (…) the speed and manoeuvrability of such a craft would be virtually limitless (…) While the idea of ‘porous’ metal sounds like something from science fiction, it was in fact being developed in Nazi Germany (…) Among the many other advanced experiments being run in the wind tunnel in the Zeppelin works at Friedrichshaften were those concerning the different ‘porous’ metals, or ‘aeropermeable surfaces’ that were being created by the scientists of Göttingen, Aachen and Volkenrode - various compounds of magnesium and aluminium, sinterized and permeated with microscopic holes. It was called Luftschwamm, or ‘aerosponge’.

In other words, major Marcels description of a porous metal in the Roswell debris (which one could blow through) points directly to Nazi Germany.

Furthermore, to build an aircraft of this type would depend on making the hull thicker to compensate for the weakening of the metals caused by a number of microscopic holes, - or, - the metals necessarily had to be produced lighter and stronger - and one would therefore expect that Nazi Germany's research in metallurgy projects would be implemented at this - and that's exactly what several researchers have found.

Flying saucer-wave 1947; Schulgens collection memorandum, part 1

As mentioned in another post, General Schulgens collection of intelligence memorandum is one of three undeniable genuin Roswell-related documents in addition to the FBI document that recently arrived in the media. Schulgens memo deserves its own post.

In October 1947, ie. after the Roswell incident had taken place, General George F. Schulgen wrote a memorandum regarding U.S. Air force views on and knowledge of flying saucers/UFOs. This is enlightening reading, where it is said that flying saucers are real, and that the crafts are based on German technology developed at the end of the war.

For many years, a fake version of the memo was in circulation. The fake version was virtually the same as the real with the exception of a single sentence that was added (more on this later).

On page 3 of the memo Schulgen states:
4: This strange object, or phenomenon, may be considered, in view of certain observations, as long-range aircraft capable of a high rate of climb, high cruising speed (possibly sub-sonic at all times) and highly maneuverable and capable aircraft of being flown in very tight formation. For the purpose of analyzes and evaluation of the so-called "flying saucer" phenomenon, the object sighted is being assumed to be a manned aircraft, of Russian origin, and based on the perspective thinking and actual accomplishments of the Germans.

In this context it is worth remembering that Colonel Blanchards immediate impression of the debris in Roswell, was that the debris was somthing Sovietish. Similarly Major Marcel, when he inspected the wreck, expressed that he did not know where it came from, but that he did not think it could be a secret U.S. Project. In other words. - There was nothing about the debris that brought the mind into something extraterrestrial.

If we assume, as many ufologist do, that Schulgens memo is partly based on the incident in Roswell (very likely, as we will soon see), the last sentence of paragraph 4 clearly points a finger in the direction of Nazi Germany when it comes to the origin of the UFO phenomenon in general and Roswell in particular.

It is precisely here that the fake version of the memorandum comes in with its addition (highlighted in bold) that changes the meaning of the statement completly:

4: ... the object sighted is being Assumed to be a Manned aircraft, of Russian origin, and based on the perspective thinking and actual accomplishments of the Germans, it is the considered opinion of some elements that the object may in fact representant an interplanetary craft of some kind.

The person that wrote the fake version obviously does not want that one should consider taking the German angle in a closer look ...

For the record, it must be noted that the overall context of the document, does not give support to an extraterrestrial conclusion at all . On the contrary, the document points its fingers towards Nazi- Germany.

How?

(Based on Joseph P. Farrell analysis in Roswell and the Reich, (2010)):

1: "Absence of sound except for an occasional roar when operating under super performance conditions".

"Roaring sound" gives hints in the direction of jet and / or rocket engines, and thus indicates an earthly technology - which the document in general support.

2. “Extreme maneuverability and apparent ability to almost hover”.

This characteristic suggests, among other things, vertical (or at least almost vertical) take off, which means that a hypothetical base for this type of aircraft would require smaller facilities than bases for conventional aircraft - and thus would not be immediately recognizable by espionage and analysis of aerial photographs .

3: "A plan form approximating that of an oval or disc with a dome shape on the top surface."

This description matches the description of both the Nazi saucers and also the more conventional Horten flying wing design that Sculgen refers to.

4. "The absence of an exhaust trail except in a few instances when it was reprorted to-have a Bluish color, like a diesel exhaust, Which persisted for Approximately one hour. Other reports Indicated a brownish smoke trail That could be the result of a special catalyst or chemical agent for extra power."

This suggests again a kind of jet-driven vessel with a type of "catalyst" to maximize speed. This indicates once again an exotic technology, but not exotic enough to represent something extraterrestrial.

5. "The ability to quickly disappear by high speed or by complete" disintegration" and "the ability to suddenly appear without warning as if from an extremely high altitude.

This is the only point in Sculgens memo that could indicate something "more" than just jet turbines. The ability to "show up" and disappear should be seen as a sign of a more exotic type of field propultion / "anti-gravity". This description corresponds with the characteristics of american and british pilots regarding sightings of "foo fighters" over Germany during the war. Yet, one must note here the general Schulgens attempt to rationalize the extraordinary properties along the conventional lines (disappearence by high speed / sudden appearence as if from an extremely high altitude).

6. "Evasive action ability indicates possibility of being manually operated, or possibly by electronic or remote control devises."

Some ufologist has claimed that U.S. air force had a standing "shoot down" orders when it came to flying saucers, and this observation supports indirectly this.

7. "The greatest activity in the U.S. was hum the last week of June and the first week of July."

During this period the Roswell incident occurred, and Schulgen is probably familiar with the matter through hia "channels" and through public media. The reference to this period may indicate that the motivation for the memo is partly based on the Roswell incident, and that the timing (October) reflects the elapsed time in the investigation of the debris and that the memo also reflects the preliminary conclusions drawn from these investigations.

8. This strange object, or phenomenon, may be Considered, in view of certain observations, as long-range aircraft capable of a high rate of climb, high cruising speed (possibly sub-sonic at all times) and highly maneuverable and capable of being flown in very tight formation. For the purpose of analyzes and evaluation of the so-called "flying saucer" phenomenon, the object sighted is being assumed to be a manned aircraft, of russian origin, and based on the perspective thinking and actual accomplishments of the germans.

Note the statement "assumed to be of Russian origin ...". In other words, the door is open with respect to that it might be another earthly origin - something independent nazi.

9. "There is also the possibility that the Horten brothers' perspective thinking may inspired this type of aircraft - Particularly the 'parabola', which has a crescent plan form. Records show that only a glider version was built of this type of aircraft. "

Here Sculgen turns specific and mention a modification of the most advanced Nazi technology, he knows. In other words. - Schulgens best tip is a kind of modified version of the Horten flying wing.

10. “…where are these scientists now located, and what is their present activity?” And “What is the present acitivity of the Horten brothers, Walter and Riemar?”.

This, again, opens the door to another possibility - that we deal with an independent Nazi organization. Schulgen asks where in the Soviet Union (or in the Eastern bloc countries) these scientists are, but provides for a more general possibility - that they may be located anywhere and do anything for anyone.

11. “Are any efforts being made to develop the Horten ‘Parabola’ or modify this configuration to approximate an oval or disc?”

By asking this question, Schulgen reveals more about his own (and probably others), thoughts about what we are facing. Here he goes beyond the earlier assumption regarding Horten flying wing, and think now in the terms of turbine-powered saucers (With the high rate of climb, high cruising speed, ultra high-altitude capability, the ability to "almost hover" and thereby the assumed capability of vertical or nearly vertical-takeoff and landing by means of exhaust thrust vectoring).

12. “Boundary layer Control method by suction, blowing, or a combination of both” and “Openings either in the leading edge top and bottom surfaces that are employed chiefly to accomplish boundary layer control or for the purpose of reducing the induced drag. Any openings in the leasing edge should be reported and described as to shape, size, etc. This investigation is significant to justify a disc shape configuration for long-range application”.

This statement is explosive, for here Schulgen suspects that the Hortens or "someone else" has found the solution to get rid of "the boundary layer" and thus reduce drag and increase aircraft performance and efficiency significantly.

13. "Type of material, whether metal, ferrous, non-ferrous, or non-metallic," and "Composite or sandwich construction utilizing Various combinations of metals, plastics, and perhaps balsa wood."

Probably a strong indicator that Sculgens collection memorandum is directly related to the Roswell incident - because certain details described by witnesses to the Roswell debris are found in Schulgens listing! Specific, statements about "non-ferrous" metal, plastic and balsa wood!

14. “Unusual fabrication methods to achieve ecstreme light weight and structural stability particularly in connection with great capacity for fuel storage“.

Here Schulgen reveals his (and probably many others) thoughts on why such an unusual design was adopted, namely to reduce weight (and thus reduced the requirement for "thrust" of "lift" through the propultion system)

15. “Provisions for takeoff from ice, snow or water” og “Skid arrangements for either takeoff or landing.

Again an explosive statement, here Schulgen indirectly ask how on earth these things come from. and the answer, as he apparently suspects based on how the question is formulated, is a place with lots of snow, ice and water. Andes, the southern regions of Argentina and Antarctica?

16. “Jet propultion engines including turbo jets, rockets, ramjets, pulse jets, or a combination of all four”; og “Nuclear propultion (atomic energy). Atomic energi engines would probably be unlike any familiar type of engine, altough atomic engines might be employed in combination with any of the above types. Aircraft would be characterized by lack of fuel systems and fuel storage place”.

This statement indicates that the rest of the analysis of the document is correct, namely that general Sculgen thought in lines of conventionally powered saucers. But note that he also outlines a more radical possibility, namely nuclear-powered saucers. This must be viewed in context with his earlier statement regarding construction to reduce weight - because radioactive shielding of that time must necessarily have involved heavy weight, which requires as much reduction of other weight as possible.

17. “The power plant would likely be an integral part of the aircraft and could possibly not be distinguished as an item separate from the aircraft;” og “It is possible that the propulsive jet is governed or influenced for control of the aircraft. The presence of vanes or control surfaces in the exhaust or methods of changing the direction of the object should be observed.”

Again, a confirmation that the rest of the analysis of the document is correct; - because here Schulgen reveals that he not only thinks in terms of Horten flying wing, but more than suggest that the Horten brothers and other scientists may have been involved in something far more radical - the design of saucer-shaped aircrafts with the propultion system itself as the central component of the construction.

Conclusion:
It is important to note that "the commanding officer of the Roswell Army Air Field ', Colonel William" Butch "Blanchard, immediately suspected that the debris did not represent a balloon or similar, but something Sovietish. General Schulgens memorandum provides in this view, a context, and one can from this conclude that Blanchards immediate impression is near the truth, and further that the official Mogul explanation is simply incorrect, and probably an attempt at disinformation from official sources .

Moreover, the document itself not only points in the direction of Nazi technology, but something straightforward Nazi, and this means that the old enemy was alive, organized and well-financed and also "out there somewhere" and in possession of extraordinary technology a decade - if not decades - in front of the Americans and the Russians had on the drawing board at the time.

Sculgen asks "where is the Horten", "what do they do?", "what type of landing gear do the saucers have?" - In other words, where do they come from?

Contextually, it is clear that Schulgen believe they are Russian, but also keeps the door open for a far more frightening possibility, namely the independent nazi - "Nazi International".

UFO-observation of an unusual character

Here's an UFO-observation of an unusual character - from William Lynes, "PentagonAliens": (page 95):

«Recently, a greengrocer acquaintance related to me how, while he and his daughter were

traveling from the Albuquerque airport to their home in Santa Fe one night in the 1980s, they
were followed all the way by a 'cigar-shaped' ship which flew not far above their car. They
got a good look at the bottom, described as looking like a rusty old iron ship's hull, complete with rivets. There were a line of portholes along the bottom—like a dirigible—and he could hear the drone of a diesel engine.»

• Rusty old iron ships hull, complete with rivets?
• Line of portholes along the bottom?
• Drone of a diesel engine?

Doesn't sound very extra terrestrial to me.

We are being “told” that:

1: UFOs do not exist.

2: If UFOs exist, they are extraterrestrial.

The most rational option, namely that ...

3: All UFOs are real, man-made flying machines, invented and flown by humans for almost 70 years.

... are barely considered.

Some thoughts about the ufo-phenomenon

This blog is intended to deal with the UFO phenomenon in general, and Hessdalen particularly. In my opinion, Hessdalen represents the global UFO phenomenon in a miniature version. Thus, by studying Hessdalen, one can learn about the global UFO phenomenon.

Here are some thoughts on the origin of the UFO phenomenon as it appears in my view:

During World War Allied pilots and crew observed what were called "foo fighters"-yet it is the big wave in 1947 which is considered as the start of the modern UFO phenomenon.

A U.S. intelligencereportfrom 1945 states that foo fighters / phoo bombs were German weapons.
But what about the flying saucer wave of 1947 and the UFO phenomenon in general since the Second World War?
Officially UFOs are:

1: Non-existent (the case of hallucinations, misinterpretations, bluff, etc.)
2: If the UFO still exists it is something extra terrestrial.

Both views are fundamentally wrong in my opinion.

Unknown crafts with saucer, cigar, triangle, egg and bullet form, have been observed over the globe since 47. They are reported to be solid, physical objects with metallic hulls, etc.
As I see it, there is no reason to believe that this represents something alien.

Flying saucers looks like circular planes, cigar-shaped UFOs are similar to planes without wings (or flying U-boats), etc. In other words, It sounds to be an earthly technology. For the technology to a possible ET race (potentially millions of years ahead in development - and therefore far more advanced), I would expect something far more exotic than a vessel that looks like my car.

One can also conclude that over the years it has been an UFO "evolution" in which the vessels appear to have become more and more advanced. If one goes back to the earliest reports, as they appear in the many books written about the UFO-wave in 1947, we see that the UFOs are here in many cases described to let out exhaust / black smoke. Many reports also describe sounds from the UFO that resembled jet / rocket engines and there are also examples of reports where “motor sound” were heard. Speeds and maneuverability is not as impressing as described in reports of recent date.
In sum, it appears that the reports from 47 describes a new and advanced technology, but not exotic enough to represent something extra terrestrial.
So where can one look to find a potential earthly source?

U.S. Air Force investigated the phenomenon in 1947, and General Schulgen pointing out Nazi Germany and German technology developed during the war as a likely origin.

"To the purpose of analyzes and evaluation of the so-called "flying saucer" phenomenon, the object sighted is being Assumed to be a Manned aircraft, of Russian origin, and based on the perspective thinking and actual accomplishments of the Germans. "
Note the statement "Assumed to be of Russian origin ...". In other words, Schulgen may suspect another earthly origin than Soviet – namely something independent Nazi.

A CIA document (available through the Freedom of Information Act) dated 18 August, 1952 mentions that the Germans built flying saucers as early as 1941:

"Flying Saucers Have Been known to be an actuality since the Possibility of Their construction was proven in plans drawn up by German engineers toward the end of World War II."
Another CIA document dated May 27, 1954 identifies three different designs.
All these projects were jet-turbine-powered saucer shaped aircraft - as described in General Schulgens collection of intelligence memo from October 1947.

From the Schulgen-memo we have the following statement:

"Boundary layer Control method by suction, blowing, or a combination of both” og “Openings either in the leading edge top and bottom surfaces that are employed chiefly to accomplish boundary layer control or for the purpose of reducing the induced drag. "

Schulgen and his agents suspects in other words, that "someone" have found the solution to getting rid of the problem of "the boundary layer" and thus
reducing air resistance / friction and increase the aircraft's performance and efficiency significantly.
From Henry Stevens' book, "Hitler's Flying Saucers":

"Full-scale suction wing aircraft were built for purpose of testing this concept. These were the Junkers" Absaugeflugzeug "(suction aircraft) AF-l and the Fieseler" Absaugestorch "(suction-stork) AF-2".

"Concurrent with these experiments, work was being done into the feasibility of circular wings. This work also began in the 1930s with the basic ideas being credited to Professor Ludwig Prandtl. Early scientific papers on circular winged aircraft were written beginning in 1936 by Wilhelm Kinner and in 1938 by M. Hansen. Both of these scientists worked at the Aerodynamic Research Facility at Goettingen. By 1941 Dr. Alexander Lippisch was also engaged in experimentation on circular wings at the Messerschmitt firm. His design, designated J1253, was tested at the wind-tunnel at Goettingen. Dr. Lippisch was visited by Dr Giuseppe Belluzzo while at Messerschmitt in Augsburg and Lippisch worked together with Dr. F. Ringlib on a "Drehfluegel" or"rotating wing" which was tested at Peenemuende. As with suction wings, a body of scientific literature from those times documents this early circular-wing experimentation".

Here is atranslated NASAdocument, originally written by the aforementioned Wilhelm Kinner in 1936, "On wings of circular design" ("Über tragflügel mit kreisförmigen basic Sketch").

As Henry Stevens says:

"The genius of the German designers was to combine the ideas of suction and circular wings into a single aircraft. Housing complete aircraft within its wing would eliminate the fuselage and so eliminate an unnecessary, drag-causing structure."

Finally, I want to mention another German engineer Heinrich Fleissner, who took out U.S. patent on his design for a suction saucer - based on the projects he was involved in at Peenemunde during the war:

U.S. Patent #2,939,647, "Rotating Jet Aircraft with lifting disc wing andcentrifuging tanks."

In an article from 1980 in the German magazine Neue Presse Fleissner describes his work at Peenemunde:

"Fleissner was an engineer, designer and advisor to what he calls a "Flugscheibe" project based at Peenemuende during the war. It is interesting to note that Fliessner's area of expertise, fluidics, is exactly the specialty involved in investigating problems with boundary layer flow. Fleissner reports that the saucer with which he was involved would have been capable of speeds up to 3,000 kilometers per hour within the earth's atmosphere and up to 10,000 kilometers outside the earth's atmosphere. He states that the brains of the developmental people were found in Peenemuende under the tightest of secrecy."

In his memorandum, it is clear what Schulgen believed we were facing in 1947: namely, jet-turbine-powered saucer shaped aircraft (built in lightweight materials) which extraordinary maneuverability and performance were based on eliminating the problem of "the boundary layer" and thus reduceing air resistance and friction .

As mentioned previously, General Schulgen and U.S. Air Force opened for a possible independent Nazi origin to the UFO phenomenon. When you take the technology that was under development into account, and also know that the Nazis as early as in 1943 planned to go underground after the war, this forms a frightening picture.